Influence of Rule Manipulation on Technical-Tactical Actions in Young Basketball Players: A Scoping Review.

The purpose of this scoping review was to analyse the effect of rules modification on technical and tactical action in young basketball. The publications search period ranged from January 2007 to December 2021. The search covered the following electronic databases: SCOPUS, SportDiscus, and the Web of Science core collection. Following this search process, 18 articles were included in the review. The following variables were analysed: characteristics of the sample, the constraints manipulated, the duration of the intervention, and the effect on technical-tactical actions. The studies reviewed modified the following constraints: (a) number of players (66.7%), (b) court dimensions (27.8%), (c) ball/player interactions (11.1%), and (d) ball/player interactions, basket height, game time and number of baskets (5.6%, respectively). The findings show that rule manipulation can increase players' participation and promote the variability of players' actions. The current evidence about rule modification in youth basketball presents areas in which more studies are needed to have a complete perspective of their impact in practice and competition through the different stages of players' development. Taking into account individual needs and developmental stages, further studies should consider different age groups (e.g., from U-10 to zU-14) and female players. Expanding scientific knowledge in this area would help coaches make short- and long-term plans in accordance with players' developmental stages.

Validación de un instrumento para valorar la percepción del aprendizaje y el nivel de diversión del alumno en educación física. El semáforo / Validation of an instrument to assess student learning perception

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue validar un instrumento de evaluación de la percepción del aprendizaje y el nivel de diversión de los alumnos en clase de educación física ("el semáforo"). El instrumento "el semáforo" constaba de dos cuestiones cerradas con tres posibles respuestas(¿Cuánto crees que has aprendido / te has divertido en esta sesión?), relacionadas con la percepción que el alumno tiene sobre el nivel de aprendizaje, y el nivel de diversión alcanzado durante la clase de educación física. Los alumnos para responder deben marcar el color con el que se identificaba(rojo=poco, amarillo= algo, o verde=mucho) en función de su percepción. Se realizó una validación del contenido a través del acuerdo y consenso de diez jueces expertos Los resultados indicaron que el cuestionario tuvo por parte de los jueces expertos una valoración de 8.70 en la pregunta de percepción del aprendizaje y 8.80 en la pregunta de percepción de la diversión. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se pueden establecer las siguientes conclusiones: El cuestionario "El semáforo" dispone de niveles de validez de contenido para evaluar la percepción del alumno sobre el nivel de aprendizaje y el grado de diversión alcanzado de iniciación en las clases de educación física .El instrumento diseñado, por ser rápido y fácil cumplimiento, es apropiado para ser utilizado en el ámbito educativo reglado

The aim of this study was to validate an instrument for assessing students' learning perception and enjoyment in physical education class(the "traffic light"). The instrument of the "traffic light" consisted of two closed questions with three possible answers (How much have you learned?/ How much have you enjoyed class?) Related to students learning perception and enjoyment in physical education class. Students answer by marking the color that identified their perceptions of learning and enjoymen t during the class (red = little, yellow = some, or green = much). Validation of the content through agreement and consensus of 10 expert judges. The expert judges gave the question of learning perception an assessment of 8.70and the question of enjoyment perception an assessment of 8.80. Throught he results obtained, the following conclusion can be established: the "trafficlight" questionnaire has content validity for evaluating the student’s perception of learning and enjoyment in physical education classes. The instrument is appropriate for use in formal educational (it is fast and easy)

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi de validar um instrumento de avaliação da percepção da aprendizagem e o nível de diversão dos alunos na classe de educação física (o semáforo). O instrumento "semáforo" constava de duas questões fechadas com três possíveis respostas (Quanto acredita ter aprendido? / Você se divertiu com essa sessão?), relacionadas com a percepção que o aluno tem sobre o nível de aprendizagem e o nível de diversão alcançada durante a aula de educação física. Os alunos tiveram que marcar a cor que identificava (vermelho=pouco, amarelo=algo e verde muito) em função de sua própria percepção. Foi realizada uma validação do conteúdo através do acordo e consenso de dez juízes. Os resultados indicaram que o questionário teve uma pontuação de 8,70 por parte dos juízes na pergunta de percepção de aprendizagem e um 8,80 na pergunta de diversão. A partir dos resultados obtidos, podem estabelecer as seguintes conclusões: o questionário "o semáforo" dispõe de níveis de validez de conteúdo para avaliar a percepção de alunos sobre o nível de aprendizagem e o grau de diversão alcançado nas aulas de educação física. O instrumento desenhado por ser rápido e de fácil execução é apropriado para ser utilizado no âmbito educativo com regularidade

Ejecución de la técnica de la carrera, conocimiento teórico, y percepción de eficacia en niños de edad escolar en función de su edad cronológica / No disponible

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar y comparar la ejecución técnica, el tiempo de desplazamiento, el conocimiento teórico, y la auto-percepción de eficacia referente a la técnica de carrera entre niños pre-púberes, púberes, y adolescentes. La muestra del estudio fue de 376 niños (192 niños y 184 niñas) de dos centros educativos de la Región de Murcia (España). El diseño del estudio fue de carácter no experimental descriptivo. Las variables de estudio fueron: el grado de cumplimiento de los aspectos claves de la carrera, la velocidad de desplazamiento (20 metros lanzados), el conocimiento teórico, y la percepción de eficacia. La calidad técnica y el conocimiento conceptual en todos los grupos de edad presentaron valores bajos y semejantes. El tiempo de desplazamiento fue más elevado para los grupos púber y adolescente. El grupo pre-púber obtuvo unos valores más altos de auto-percepción de eficacia comparado con el grupo adolescente. La variable calidad técnica presentó correlaciones significativas, aunque de bajo valor, con las variables tiempo de desplazamiento y percepción de eficacia. Los resultados obtenidos apuntan hacia la posible existencia de un fallo (..) (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi de analisar e comparar a execução da técnica, o tempo de deslocamento, o conhecimento (..) (AU)

Home advantage in high-level volleyball varies according to set number.

The aim of the present study was to identify the probability of winning each Volleyball set according to game location (home, away). Archival data was obtained from 275 sets in the 2005 Men's Senior World League and 65,949 actions were analysed. Set result (win, loss), game location (home, away), set number (first, second, third, fourth and fifth) and performance indicators (serve, reception, set, attack, dig and block) were the variables considered in this study. In a first moment, performance indicators were used in a logistic model of set result, by binary logistic regression analysis. After finding the adjusted logistic model, the log-odds of winning the set were analysed according to game location and set number. The results showed that winning a set is significantly related to performance indicators (Chisquare(18)=660.97, p<0.01). Analyses of log-odds of winning a set demonstrate that home teams always have more probability of winning the game than away teams, regardless of the set number. Home teams have more advantage at the beginning of the game (first set) and in the two last sets of the game (fourth and fifth sets), probably due to facilities familiarity and crowd effects. Different game actions explain these advantages and showed that to win the first set is more important to take risk, through a better performance in the attack and block, and to win the final set is important to manage the risk through a better performance on the reception. These results may suggest intra-game variation in home advantage and can be most useful to better prepare and direct the competition. Key pointsHome teams always have more probability of winning the game than away teams.Home teams have higher performance in reception, set and attack in the total of the sets.The advantage of home teams is more pronounced at the beginning of the game (first set) and in two last sets of the game (fourth and fifth sets) suggesting intra-game variation in home advantage.Analysis by sets showed that home teams have a better performance in the attack and block in the first set and in the reception in the third and fifth sets.

Diseño y validación de un cuestionario para valorar las preferencias y satisfacciones en jóvenes jugadores de Baloncesto / Design and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate the preferences and satisfactions in youth basketball players

El objetivo del presente estudio fue diseñar y validar un instrumento que mida de forma valida y fiable en jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto de diferentes etapas de formación: <) el nivel de divertimento deportivo y diversión de diversas situaciones de juego, acciones técnico-tácticos y medios tácticos colectivo básicos, tipos de ataque y defensa, modificaciones del reglamento y fases del juego tanto en entrenamientos como en partidos; y b) la percepción de los jugadores de lo demandado por sus entrenadores en fases de juego y determinadas acciones técnico-tácticas. En primer lugar, se realizó una validación del contenido a través del acuerdo y consenso de doce jueces expertos. En segundo lugar, se aplicó el cuestionario a una muestra de 33 jugadores de baloncesto de la categoría cadete, dos veces con un intervalo de una semana. Se calculó la fiabilidad mediante la aplicación de la prueba test-retest. Los resultados indicaron que el cuestionario de satisfacción y preferencias de jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto (CSPJB) dispone de los niveles óptimos de fiabilidad y validez, para registrar el nivel de satisfacción, divertimento deportivo y diversión en la práctica deportiva de los jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto en etapas de formación (AU)

The objective of the present study was to design and validate a valid and reliable instrument athletic enjoyment and diversion of various game situations, technical and tactical actions, means for basic team tactics, types of offense and defense, rule modifications and game phases both in practice sessions as well as in games; and B) the perception of the players of their coaches ´demands in game phases and in certain technical and tactical actions. First a validation of the content was done though the agreement and consensus of twelve expert judges. Secondly, 33 under- 16 basketball players filled out a questionnaire and after a week, they filled it out again. The reliability was calculated through the application of a test-retest. The results indicated that the questionnaire, about the satisfaction and preference soft youth basketball players has optimal levels of reliability and validity, while registering the level of satisfaction, athletic enjoyment and diversion in athletic practice of youth basketball players in formative stages (AU)